Greenhouse Gas Emission Management & Reduction Program
An-Najah National University (ANNU) measures, manages, and reports greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol as its accounting framework, with reference to relevant ISO 14064 principles. The inventory covers Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions across university activities.
At a Glance (2025)
93.4%
381.30 tCO₂e
0 tCO₂e
4,580,168 kWh
Carbon Management Process
ANNU’s carbon management framework follows a structured six-step process:
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Measurement: Annual calculation of Scope 1, 2 & 3 emissions across all campuses (Old, New, Hijjawi, and Tulkarem) using verified data from fuel use, energy invoices, procurement, commuting, and waste.
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Data Review and Quality Checks: The Sustainability Office reviews the underlying activity data and emissions calculations for completeness and consistency. Where available, energy data from the Najah2Twin dashboard are used as an additional internal check.
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Reduction Planning: The Climate Action and Energy Committee sets emission-reduction targets and oversees performance tracking.
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Implementation: Projects in renewable energy, electric mobility, energy-efficient buildings, and behavioral change programs ensure continual emission cuts.
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Monitoring & Reporting: Data are reported annually in the Carbon Footprint Report and integrated into the university’s sustainability portal.
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Review & Improvement: The process is reviewed each June to ensure progress toward the Net Zero 2028 target.
Key Documents
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View document (PDF) |
Carbon Footprint Report 2024–2025 View document (PDF) |
View document (PDF) |
Quantified Carbon Footprint (tCO₂e)
According to the Carbon Footprint Report 2025, ANNU’s total reported Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions were 381.30 tCO₂e in 2025, a 93.4% reduction from the 2019 baseline of 5,774.139 tCO₂e. Scope 1 accounted for 239.07 tCO₂e, Scope 2 remained at zero, and Scope 3 accounted for 142.23 tCO₂e. The university continues to work toward its Net Zero 2028 target.
Source: Carbon Footprint Report 2025
|
Year |
Scope 1 |
Scope 2 |
Scope 3 |
Total |
% Reduction vs 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2019 (Baseline) |
515.188 |
4,970 |
288.951 |
5,774.139 |
— |
|
2022 |
316.538 |
2,275 |
296.405 |
2,887.943 |
50.0% ↓ |
|
2023 |
288.276 |
1,470 |
264.950 |
2,023.226 |
65.0% ↓ |
|
2024 |
254.33 |
0 |
162.64 |
416.97 |
92.8% ↓ |
|
2025 |
239.07 |
0 |
142.23 |
381.30 |
93.4% ↓ |
All values in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO₂e).
Interpretation: Total reported emissions declined from 5,774.139 tCO₂e in 2019 to 416.97 tCO₂e in 2024 and 381.30 tCO₂e in 2025. Scope 2 emissions were zero in both 2024 and 2025. Reducing the remaining Scope 1 and Scope 3 emissions is necessary to meet the 2028 net-zero target.
Governance & Accountability
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Lead Office: Sustainability Office
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Oversight Body: Climate Action and Energy Committee
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Monitoring Tool: Najah2Twin Smart Campus Dashboard (IoT sensors & analytics)
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Reporting: Annual Carbon Footprint and Reduction Report (2019–2025)
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Review Cycle: Annual review of performance and targets
Key Actions for Carbon Reduction
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Renewable Energy Integration: Renewable electricity generation reached 4,580,168 kWh in 2025, compared with reported annual energy consumption of 1,400,278 kWh.
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Zero Electricity Purchase: The 2025 inventory records zero purchased electricity and zero Scope 2 emissions.
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Electric & Zero-Emission Vehicles: EV fleet for campus transport and delivery services.
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Green Building Rehabilitation: Compliance with the Palestinian Green Building Guideline 2024 and Energy Code.
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Smart Campus Controls: Automated lighting, HVAC, and renewable load balancing through the Najah2Twin IoT platform.
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Awareness & Behavioral Programs: University-wide “Carbon Literacy” training and the Turn It Off – Save Our Future campaign.
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Carbon Offsetting: Tree-planting projects offset ≈ 180 tCO₂e annually.
Key Results (2025)
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93.4% reduction in total reported Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions versus 2019 (381.30 tCO₂e in 2025).
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1,400,278 kWh of reported energy consumption and 4,580,168 kWh of renewable electricity generation.
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Scope 2 emissions remained at zero; Scope 1 emissions were 239.07 tCO₂e and Scope 3 emissions were 142.23 tCO₂e.
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No purchased electricity was recorded in 2025. Continued reductions in Scope 1 and Scope 3 are required to reach Net Zero by 2028.
Future Targets
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Achieve net-zero emissions by 2028 through further reductions in Scope 1 and Scope 3 while maintaining zero Scope 2 emissions.
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Expand Scope 3 reduction initiatives (academic travel, supply chain, and ICT).
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Develop Carbon Positive Projects in rural communities by 2030 through energy sharing and reforestation.
GHG Emission Reduction Program: Pathway to Net Zero 2028
As part of its institutional Pathway to Net Zero 2028, An-Najah National University has implemented a comprehensive and formal Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Program addressing all three emission scopes: Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3. The program is aligned with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, the University’s Climate Action Plan, annual carbon reporting procedures, and the Palestinian Green Buildings Guideline 2025.
The program integrates renewable energy generation, energy-efficient buildings, smart monitoring, sustainable transportation, waste reduction, water reuse, and behavioral-change initiatives. It is implemented across university campuses through coordinated actions led by the Sustainability Office, Energy Research Unit, engineering and facilities teams, and relevant academic and administrative units.
In 2025/2026, An-Najah National University strengthened its GHG reduction efforts by increasing its total renewable energy production to 4,580,168 kWh/year, supporting the reduction of electricity-related emissions and reinforcing the University’s transition toward a low-carbon and climate-responsible campus.
The University has implemented a broad set of GHG reduction measures, including electric zero-emission vehicles, EV charging infrastructure, dedicated bicycle parking, shaded pedestrian pathways, solar water heating, solar PV systems, smart monitoring through Najah2Twin, waste separation, composting, greywater reuse, rainwater harvesting, online conferencing, and awareness campaigns.
Scope 1: Direct Emissions Reduction Program
An-Najah National University reduces direct emissions from stationary fuel combustion, campus vehicles, heating systems, cooling systems, and laboratory-related sources through the following measures:
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Solar thermal water heating systems: Solar water heating systems are used to reduce reliance on diesel- or fuel-based heating, particularly in high-demand facilities such as sports and service buildings.
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Energy-efficient boilers and heating systems: Existing heating systems are being upgraded and maintained to reduce fuel consumption and improve operational efficiency.
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Electric zero-emission campus vehicles: The University uses electric vehicles for internal campus mobility and logistics, replacing fossil-fuel-based transport and reducing direct mobile combustion emissions. This is visually documented in the photo gallery below, which shows an electric zero-emission vehicle on the ANNU campus.
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Preventive maintenance of cooling and refrigeration systems: Air-conditioning and refrigeration systems are regularly maintained to improve energy efficiency and reduce fugitive refrigerant emissions.
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Operational efficiency through smart monitoring: Energy and infrastructure data are increasingly monitored through smart systems, including Najah2Twin, to support preventive maintenance and reduce unnecessary energy consumption.
Scope 2: Purchased Electricity Emissions Reduction Program
An-Najah National University has prioritized Scope 2 emission reduction through renewable energy generation, solar infrastructure, efficient buildings, and smart energy management.
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Renewable electricity generation: In 2025/2026, the University’s total renewable energy production reached:
4,580,168 kWh/year
This renewable energy production contributes directly to reducing emissions associated with purchased electricity and supports the University’s long-term target of achieving net-zero operations.
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Solar PV systems across university facilities: Solar photovoltaic systems are installed across different university buildings and facilities, including academic buildings and service areas. Documented evidence (see the photo gallery below) includes installation and maintenance works for PV solar systems at the Faculty of Arts, as well as grid-connected solar PV systems supplying clean electricity to the campus.
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Solar street lighting: Solar-powered street lighting reduces grid electricity demand for outdoor lighting and supports safer, low-carbon campus mobility.
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Energy-efficient buildings and rehabilitation: The University applies the Palestinian Green Buildings Guideline 2025 in new buildings, rehabilitation works, and energy-efficiency upgrades. This includes LED lighting, improved insulation, daylight optimization, efficient HVAC systems, natural ventilation, and energy-conscious design.
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Najah2Twin Smart Campus Digital Twin: The Najah2Twin platform supports real-time monitoring of energy consumption, detection of inefficiencies, and optimization of building performance. Documented evidence (see the photo gallery below) presents Najah2Twin as a smart-campus tool for monitoring energy consumption and improving efficiency.
Scope 3: Indirect Emissions Reduction Program
An-Najah National University also addresses indirect emissions related to commuting, waste, water, procurement-related activities, and academic travel.
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Sustainable commuting and campus mobility: The University promotes walking, cycling, shared transport, and low-emission mobility through shaded pedestrian pathways, bicycle parking areas, awareness campaigns, parking management, and EV charging infrastructure.
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Electric vehicle charging infrastructure: EV charging infrastructure supports the transition toward cleaner transportation among staff, students, visitors, and campus operations.
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Waste reduction and recycling: The University implements a 3R approach: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. Waste separation bins are distributed across campuses to encourage recycling and reduce landfill-related emissions.
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Organic waste composting: Organic waste from cafeterias and landscaping is composted, reducing methane emissions from landfill disposal and supporting circular campus resource management.
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Greywater reuse and rainwater harvesting: Greywater reuse and rainwater harvesting systems reduce dependence on externally supplied water and the indirect emissions associated with water pumping, transportation, and treatment.
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Reduction of travel-related emissions: The University encourages online meetings, virtual conferences, blended learning, and digital collaboration to reduce emissions associated with academic and administrative travel.
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Awareness and education programs: Awareness campaigns engage students and staff in reducing carbon emissions through sustainable commuting, energy saving, waste reduction, and responsible resource use. Documented evidence (see the photo gallery below) includes awareness campaigns promoting sustainable commuting and energy saving.
Carbon Management, Monitoring, and Reporting
An-Najah National University’s GHG reduction program is supported by a continuous carbon management cycle that includes:
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Annual measurement of GHG emissions across Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3.
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Monitoring of renewable energy production and electricity consumption.
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Integration of energy performance data into smart-campus monitoring systems, including Najah2Twin.
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Implementation of reduction measures in energy, buildings, transport, water, and waste.
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Publication of sustainability and carbon-related evidence through the University’s official sustainability portal.
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Annual review of progress toward the University’s Pathway to Net Zero 2028.
This governance approach demonstrates that An-Najah National University’s GHG reduction program is formal, comprehensive, measurable, and implemented across all three emission scopes.
Examples of GHG Emission Reduction Programs
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Renewable Energy Production – Total renewable energy production reached 4,580,168 kWh/year.
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Solar PV Systems – Grid-connected solar PV systems supplying clean electricity to university facilities.
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Solar Water Heating – Reducing diesel- and fuel-based heating emissions.
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Electric Zero-Emission Vehicles – Replacing fossil-fuel transport for campus mobility.
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EV Charging Infrastructure – Supporting cleaner commuting and low-carbon mobility.
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Najah2Twin Smart Campus Digital Twin – Monitoring energy consumption and optimizing efficiency.
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Green Building Implementation – Applying the Palestinian Green Buildings Guideline 2025 in new and rehabilitated buildings.
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Energy-Efficient Lighting and HVAC Systems – Reducing building energy consumption.
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3R Waste Management Program – Reducing landfill-related emissions through waste sorting and recycling.
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Organic Waste Composting – Reducing methane emissions from organic waste.
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Greywater Reuse and Rainwater Harvesting – Reducing indirect emissions from water supply systems.
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Online Teaching and Conferencing – Reducing travel-related Scope 3 emissions.
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Awareness Campaigns – Promoting energy saving, sustainable commuting, and low-carbon behavior.
Photo Gallery
Low-Carbon Campus Infrastructure
GHG Reduction Measures in Action
News and Highlights
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Energy efficiency training for campus staff: Staff explored practical ways to reduce energy use and carbon emissions through efficient lighting, HVAC, building management, and responsible daily practices. Read more →
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Solar energy and electricity conservation training (in Arabic): University staff received practical training on solar energy and reducing electricity waste in offices. Read more →
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Digital transformation towards a sustainable university: A staff workshop addressed more efficient administrative processes and reduced reliance on paper-based transactions. Read more →
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Environmental sustainability training for academic and administrative staff: The Sustainability Office and Human Resources Department trained staff on resource management, reducing carbon footprints, and applying sustainability practices at work. Read more →
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Campus waste sorting and recycling initiative: ANNU introduced separate collection bins across university facilities to support waste reduction and recycling. Read more →
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Electric and hybrid vehicle maintenance and training centre (in Arabic): ANNU received a licence for the centre under a cooperation agreement with the Ministry of Transport, supporting technical capacity for cleaner mobility. Read more →
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Sharing best practices in energy efficiency for higher education buildings: ANNU shares experience in efficient building management through its clean-energy work. Read more →
Evidence Links
A. Institutional Carbon Management, Reporting, and Governance
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Carbon Emissions Reporting – This page documents ANNU’s annual GHG assessment approach covering Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions, including carbon footprint reporting and progress toward Net Zero.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/carbon-emissions-reporting/
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Greenhouse Gas Emission Management and Reduction Program – This page provides the main institutional evidence for ANNU’s formal GHG management and reduction program, including carbon measurement, reduction planning, implementation, monitoring, reporting, and review.
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Climate Action Plan – This evidence supports ANNU’s structured climate-action approach, including actions for renewable energy, energy-efficient buildings, electric mobility, and behavioral change programs.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/climate-change/ | Direct document (PDF): https://www-cdn.najah.edu/media/filer_public/96/25/9625a578-cebc-4ad7-85c6-5efb9e20b258/climate_action_plan_annu_2024-2028_updated_2025_f.pdf
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Net Zero Commitment – This evidence supports ANNU’s Pathway to Net Zero 2028 and its institutional commitment to long-term decarbonization.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/carbon-emissions-reporting/ | Direct document (PDF): https://www-cdn.najah.edu/media/filer_public/60/65/606541e5-5166-49e1-9a18-6afae943ab74/an-najah_national_university_commitment_to_carbon_reduction_targets_by_2028_updated.pdf
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Carbon Footprint Report 2025 – This report provides the updated annual evidence for the current reporting year, including GHG emissions by scope and progress against the baseline.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/carbon-emissions-reporting/ | Direct document (PDF): https://www-cdn.najah.edu/media/filer_public/5d/35/5d35d98a-3c0d-4d93-9eeb-6c659cd95758/carbon_footprint_report_2025-updated.pdf
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Carbon Footprint Report 2024 – This provides previous-year comparative evidence and shows continuity in annual GHG measurement and reporting.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/carbon-emissions-reporting/
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Carbon Footprint Report 2023 – This provides historical reporting evidence and supports the university’s multi-year carbon monitoring system.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/carbon-emissions-reporting/
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ANNU Sustainability Portal – This is the main sustainability evidence hub, documenting ANNU’s institutional commitment to environmental sustainability, SDGs, governance, operations, and community engagement.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/ | https://sdo.najah.edu/en/
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ANNU Sustainability Report – This page supports institutional transparency and annual sustainability reporting.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainability-report/
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Sustainability Office – This page provides governance evidence showing the institutional unit responsible for embedding sustainability in campus life and university operations.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainability-office/
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Sustainability Plan – This supports the existence of an institutional roadmap for sustainable campus development and long-term environmental planning.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainability-plan/
B. Scope 1: Direct Emissions Reduction
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Greenhouse Gas Emission Management and Reduction Program – Relevant for Scope 1 because it documents direct-emission reduction actions such as electric and zero-emission vehicles, efficient heating systems, and operational carbon management.
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Energy Efficiency Plan – Relevant for Scope 1 because it supports reductions in fuel use, heating demand, equipment energy consumption, and building-related operational emissions.
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Energy Review and Audit Framework – This page demonstrates that ANNU has an institutionalized and recurring energy review process to identify energy wastage and guide efficiency interventions.
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Sustainable Transportation and Commuting – This supports Scope 1 and Scope 3 reductions through cleaner campus mobility, walking, cycling, carpooling, shuttle use, and electric mobility.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainable-transportation-commuting/
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Actions to Promote More Sustainable Commuting – This provides supporting evidence for low-carbon mobility actions, reduced car dependency, and improved sustainable access to campus.
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Measuring and Setting Targets for Sustainable Commuting – This strengthens the evidence by showing that ANNU sets measurable mobility targets, including reducing private vehicle use and expanding electric mobility infrastructure.
C. Scope 2: Purchased Electricity and Renewable Energy Reduction
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Affordable and Clean Energy Portal – This is the main evidence hub for ANNU’s clean-energy initiatives, renewable energy systems, energy efficiency, and energy-related community programs.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/affordable-clean-energy/
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Energy Efficiency Plan – This supports Scope 2 emission reduction through energy-efficiency measures, renewable energy integration, building systems, and smart monitoring.
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Energy Review and Audit Framework – This supports systematic identification of high-energy-use areas and implementation of corrective energy-saving actions.
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Renewable Energy Initiatives at An-Najah National University – This page documents ANNU’s renewable energy initiatives and integration of ICT tools, monitoring dashboards, and Najah2Twin in renewable energy planning and evaluation.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/climate-change/renewable-energy/
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First Solar Power Station at ANNU – This provides specific evidence of ANNU’s solar PV infrastructure and clean-energy transition.
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Public Pledge for 100% Renewable Energy – This page documents ANNU’s public commitment to renewable energy and its broader advocacy for a 100% renewable-energy transition.
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Energy and the Community – This supports ANNU’s clean-energy outreach, renewable energy training, and community-based solar PV and energy-efficiency projects.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/affordable-clean-energy/energy-and-community/
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Supporting National Clean-Energy Policy Development – This provides evidence of ANNU’s policy support and technical role in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and low-carbon infrastructure development.
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Local Industry Energy Services – This page supports ANNU’s role in promoting energy audits, clean-energy feasibility studies, technical consultations, and low-carbon practices in local industry.
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Supporting Low-Carbon Startups and Green Innovation – This provides evidence for ANNU’s contribution to low-carbon innovation, green entrepreneurship, and renewable-energy-related startup development.
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Najah2Twin Smart Campus Digital Twin – This supports evidence for smart monitoring of campus energy, buildings, infrastructure, and operational efficiency.
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International Best Practices for the SDGs: Najah2Twin Smart Campus Digital Twin – This provides additional institutional evidence for Najah2Twin as a GIS/BIM/IoT-based smart-campus model for monitoring energy, water, mobility, and waste.
D. Scope 3: Indirect Emissions Reduction
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Sustainable Transportation and Commuting – This supports Scope 3 emission reduction from staff and student commuting.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainable-transportation-commuting/
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Sustainable Commuting – This page provides evidence of commuting-related monitoring, sustainable transport practices, and carbon-footprint reduction.
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Actions to Promote More Sustainable Commuting – This supports actions such as walking, cycling, public/shared transport, and reduced reliance on private vehicles.
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Prioritizing Pedestrian Access on Campus – This provides evidence for pedestrian-friendly campus design, shaded pathways, and reduced dependence on motorized transport.
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Measuring and Setting Targets for Sustainable Commuting – This strengthens the Scope 3 evidence by documenting measurable commuting targets, including reducing private vehicle use and expanding bicycle and EV infrastructure.
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Sustainable Waste Management – This provides evidence of ANNU’s waste reduction, recycling, and responsible consumption programs, which help reduce indirect emissions from landfill and resource use.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainable-waste-management/
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Waste Measurement Report – This supports Scope 3 evidence by documenting waste measurement, sorting, recycling, reuse, and repurposing.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainable-waste-management/
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Food Waste Generation Report – This supports indirect-emission reduction by documenting food waste measurement and management across dining halls, cafeterias, vendors, and campus events.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/sustainable-waste-management/
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Water Management and Sustainability – This page provides evidence of ANNU’s sustainable water management approach, including water efficiency, reuse, and protection of water resources.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/clean-water-and-sanitation/
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Water Use Efficiency – This supports indirect GHG reduction by showing water-saving practices in buildings and campus operations.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/clean-water-and-sanitation/water-use-efficiency/
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Water Measurement 2024 – This provides measured evidence on water consumption, rainwater collection, reuse, and recycling.
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Wastewater Treatment Processes – This supports evidence for wastewater treatment, rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, and reuse systems.
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Water Pollution Control and Prevention – This supports environmental management evidence through pollution prevention, water-network design, preventive maintenance, and water quality monitoring.
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Promoting Water Sustainability – This supports awareness and outreach related to water conservation and sustainable water use.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/clean-water-and-sanitation/outreach-activities/
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Environmental Education and Awareness – This supports behavioral-change programs, student engagement, energy-awareness activities, and environmental education linked to climate action.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/environmental-education-awareness/
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Student-led Society on Sustainability – This supports student participation in sustainability, climate awareness, and low-carbon behavioral change.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/student-led-society-on-sustainability/
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Education for the SDGs – This supports the educational dimension of sustainability and climate awareness.
https://www.najah.edu/en/about/sustainability/education-sdgs/
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Courses Addressing Sustainability and the SDGs – This provides evidence that sustainability, climate action, and SDG-related concepts are integrated into teaching and learning.