Treatment of Dermal Exposure
- Brush all non-adherent phosphorus from the skin. Avoid application of any lipid-based ointments, as these may increase the skin penetration of phosphorus.
- Remove clothing and promptly begin continuous water irrigation of the affected site.
- Water or saline-soaked dressings applied to the affected area will allow the patient to be transported without reignition of the remaining particles.
- Keep dressing moist until debridement is accomplished.
- Phosphorus will fluoresce under ultraviolet light (UV). With the exposed areas immersed in water, loose or imbedded phosphorous particles that are visualized under UV light can be mechanically but delicately removed safely under water.
- Cupper Sulfate Use:
- Traditionally, copper sulfate solution has been topically applied to skin burns caused by yellow phosphorus.
- The rationale for the use of copper sulfate is based on a chemical reaction that binds up the phosphorus thereby preventing further burning due to phosphorus oxidation. The granules of Cu3P2 are black and decompose easily
- CAUTION - Acute renal failure and massive hemolysis may occur if significant copper sulfate is absorbed from the burn site
- A solution composed of 5% sodium bicarbonate, 1% Hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3% copper sulfate, and 1% Lauryl sulfate has been proposed as a Decontaminating agent.
- .For deep and extensive injury, consult a burn specialist.
- Partial skin thickness burns from a phosphorus pentachloride splash were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream twice daily.
- Healing was slow (8 weeks) and painful, and no signs of hypertrophic scarring were evident at follow-up.
- Fluid and electrolytes should be replenished when indicated.
- Prophylactic topical antibiotic therapy with silver sulfadiazine is recommended for all burns except superficial partial thickness (first-degree) burns.
- For first-degree burns Bacitracin may be used, but effectiveness is not documented.
- Systemic antibiotics are generally not indicated unless infection is present or the burn involves the hands, feet, or perineum.
- Depending on the site and area, the burn may be treated open (face, ears, or perineum) or covered with sterile nonstick porous gauze.
- The gauze dressing should be fluffy and thick enough to absorb all drainage.
- Alternatively, a petrolatum fine-mesh gauze dressing may be used alone on partial-thickness burns.
- Complete Surgical removal of the burned skin, taking into consideration to leave burn bubbles filled with fluid will accelerates the healing process.
- Other signs and symptoms are treated based on the used protocols toxicology.
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