University Requirements Student must complete 19 credit hours

Course Code	Course Name	Credit Hours	Prerequests
10032100	Remedial English	0
Remedial English (E10032100) is a three-hour non-credited English course offered to students who score poorly (i.e. below 50%) on the placement test. Since the major concern of this course is to improve the students? proficiency before starting their ordinary university English basic courses and major courses taught in English, special emphasis has been placed on enhancing the students? ability to effectively acquire the four language skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Specifically, the course attempts to ensure an academically acceptable performance on the part of the students at the level of the English basic courses. Moreover, the course aims at expanding students? vocabulary needed for various tasks.
11000101	Islamic Culture	3
This course aims to establish the concept of Islamic culture and its position among the other international cultures, its position in the Muslim life, its sources, its bases and its characteristics. It also aims to introduce the Islamic culture in faith, worship, relations, morals, and knowledge, to discuss the clash between cultures in addition to Globalization, Human Rights, Woman Rights, Democracy and other contemporary issues.
11000102	Arabic Language	3
This course aims to improve the level of students in language skills and various literary, read and absorb and express written, and oral and tasted literary, through texts flags authors and poets in different eras, lessons in grammar and spelling, and brief definition months dictionaries and Arab old ones the modern and how to use them. This course aims to implement the Arabic language in the areas of reading and expression of both types oral and written communication.
11000103	English Language I	3
University English I (E11000103) is a three credit-hour university-required English language course designed for students who need to work on the four skills of the language: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The development of vocabulary and skills of comprehension are integral parts of the course. In addition, various reading strategies (making predictions, identifying main ideas, reading for details, relating information in the text to life experience) are introduced and developed through a wide range of topics for reading and writing. The course encourages a more analytical and independent approach to study and helps prepare the students for any subsequent exam preparation.
11000105	Palestinian Studies	3
The course is mandatory for university students from various disciplines, so it provides students with knowledge and `information about the Palestinian reality and in particular the political developments of the Palestinian cause since its inception until the present day in line social and economic developments and political which constitute the main pillars for the study of the Palestinian political reality. This course aims to study the Palestinian issue from its beginning until present in social, economic and political issues.
11000108	Community Service	1
This course aims to connect university students with charitable, community, and public institutions, while also enhancing students? role towards society and familiarizing them with humanitarian needs by providing assistance to targeted groups. It seeks to improve the living conditions of marginalized and impoverished populations. The course prioritizes achieving the greatest possible number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the Palestinian context. This is not only through raising awareness and introducing these goals, but also by offering students opportunities to engage practically in implementing various SDGs locally. Students will participate in programs, projects, and activities aimed at reducing poverty and hunger, providing medical services, treatment, and medication to marginalized and poor groups, supporting gender equality and education, including persons with disabilities and special needs, preserving water resources and natural resources, raising awareness on alternative and clean energy, caring for the environment and agriculture, recycling solid materials, rejecting discrimination, promoting green spaces, and encouraging productive and forestry farming. Students enrolled in the course can join different stages designed with alternatives for each phase, allowing them to complete the requirements under flexible conditions. This approach benefits the community while developing students? skills and experiences.
11000117	Leadership and Communication Skills	1
The course aims to assist students in acquiring modern concepts in the field of communication and understanding the essential skills for effective communication with oneself and others. This is achieved through the use of effective teaching methods that rely on student engagement and motivation to learn through training and self-directed learning. The course emphasizes skill development through teamwork and interactive methods, helping students improve their verbal and non-verbal communication skills by learning public speaking and the fundamentals of oration. Additionally, it helps students develop active listening skills, and contributes to enhancing their abilities in dialogue and persuasion, overcoming public speaking anxiety, self-promotion, negotiation, job interviews, presentation and delivery, and writing. The course also provides students with knowledge about innovative and creative ideas that can be implemented, as well as how to write a resume. Furthermore, the course aims to refine students' personalities through participation in group presentations.
11000126	Introduction to Computer Science and Skills	2
This course aims to enrich students with the basic computer skills alongside with the theoretical and practical backgrounds behind those skills. First of all, software and hardware components of a computer are discussed. This forms the substrate from which a student can realize the practical applications of a computer, especially in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thereafter, the student awareness for the security vulnerabilities of a computer system is improved through discussing the threats associated with the absolute dependability on the Internet in storing critical data. This is conducted with presenting the basic secure Internet frameworks for students with emphasis on scientific research platforms (ResearchGate, Google Scholar, LinkedIn,?etc). Finally, word processing, statistical analysis and presentation software are discussed with practical applications in the lab.
11000328	English Language II	3
University English II is a three-credit hour university-required English language course which is offered to students majoring in Sciences, Engineering, Agriculture, Veterinary, and Information Technology ... etc. Students in this course will be exposed to a range of science-based writings in English that supply students with samples of the kind of academic English they are likely to encounter in their textbooks. Exercises on grammar, vocabulary and textual organization are geared towards developing students? observational and analytical skills that aid comprehension. The course uses an integrated approach which allows for communicative interaction in the class to actively test and broaden the listening and speaking abilities of the students. Furthermore, the acquisition of vocabulary items will be reinforced through their use in written sentences. Additional training in writing will be given through questions and answers, summaries of principal ideas in a reading passage and the preparation of reports.

Speciality Requirements Student must complete 96 credit hours

Course Code	Course Name	Credit Hours	Prerequests
10201101	General Biology I	3
A discussion of biological activity at the level of the cell, including cell structure, chemical constituents, architecture, material exchange with the environment, the role of the cell membrane, major energy generating biochemical pathways, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, control of cellular activities and basic concepts in genetics.
10201102	General Biology II	3	10201101
A discussion of biological activity at the level of the organism, including structure and function of body parts, and responses of organisms to their biological and physical environments.
10201107	General Biology I Lab	1	10201101
This course covers scientific background and practical procedures for the various experiments on biological principles discussed in General Biology I 10201101
10201108	General Biology II Lab.	1	10201107 10201102
This course covers scientific background and practical procedures for the various experiments on biological principles discussed in General Biology II (10201102).
10201232	Genetics	3	10201102 or 10201119 10201120 or 10201108
Students study the principles of classical genetics and the molecular basis of inheritance in terms of structure, function and changes in genetic material in viruses, bacteria and higher organisms; transmission and expression of genetic material; recombinant DNA and bioengineering.
10201255	Plant Diversity	2	10201102 10201108
Understand what is the Binomial system of nomenclature is, how it is developed, and how it is currently used and to understand the basis for Whittaker's five-kingdom system of classification. understand the major groups of photosynthetic bacteria . Distinguish the classification and identification of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, starting with the kingdom Protista up to the higher most developed plants which are represented by the seed vascular plant. main features of classification and identification of different plant groups which showed evolutionary changes during the evolution to the development of different plant groups understand starting from the primitive ones. know the various plant terminologies related to their features, life cycles, and reproduction and growth pattern. understand the basic differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms as they are the most dominant plants on earth. Considering structural, life cycles and reproduction variation. understand the different types of angiosperms fruits based on the structural and anatomical variations
10201265	Zoology	2	10201102 10201108
This course is a survey of the animal kingdom with an emphasis on its history and organization. Particular attention is paid to special structures and mechanisms evolved by selected representatives of major phyla for solving problems of life in various environments
10201266	Zoology Lab.	1	10201265 10201102 10201108
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the students with the basic practical aspects in zoology, and to demonstrate concepts taught in zoology lecture course.
10201270	Plant Diversity Lab.	1	10201255 10201102 10201108
Distinguish the classification and identification of Prokaryotic photosynthetic class cyanobacteria. In addition, to examine eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, starting with the kingdom Protista up to the higher most developed plants which are represented by the seed vascular plant. main features of classification and identification of different plant groups which showed evolutionary changes during the evolution to the development of different plant groups understand starting from the primitive ones. This achieved by examining the slides of representative examples, and gain the skill to distinguish among them. Moreover, study and examine fresh specimens.
10201314	Biochemistry	3	10231233 10231237
This course covers fundamentals of biochemistry including structure and properties of biomolecules with special emphasis on proteins, enzymatic catalysis, membrane assembly and function and introduction to bioenergetics.
10201315	Biochemistry Lab.	1	10201314 10231233 10231237
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the student with the basic methods in biochemistry, and to demonstrate concepts taught in biochemistry lecture course.
10201321	Cell Biology	3	10201102 10201108
Topics covered include structure and function of cells and organelles, including membrane structure and transport; bioenergenetics of mitochondria and chloroplasts; cell motility; DNA replication; protein synthesis and transport; mitosis and meioses. In addition, the course includes various modern techniques used in cell biology
10201342	Microbiology	2	10201102 10201108
The course is designed to give students detailed concepts in general microbiology. history of microbiology, diversity of micro-organisms; evolutionary relationships and taxonomy (viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites); observing microorganisms through microscope, functional anatomy of prokaryotic, microbial growth, control of microbial growth, structure and function of the genetic material, viruses, viroids, and prions, mechanisms of pathogenicity, antimicrobial drugs and mechanisms to resist them and some bacterial diseases.
10201343	Microbiology Lab	1	10201342
The course covers a variety of microbiological techniques, with experiments designed to illustrate major concepts of bacteriology, in addition to Lab safety procedures.
10201349	Immunology	2	10201342 10201343
An introduction to modern immunology and it?s important applications. Lectures include general properties of immune system, cells and tissues of immune system, humoral and cellular immune responses, antibody structure and biosynthesis, antigen-antibody interactions, tumor immunology, and autoimmunity
10201350	Immunology Lab	1	10201349 10201342 10201343
An introduction to modern immunology and its important applications including several techniques that based on antibody antigen interactions and vaccination
10201354	Plant Anatom an Physiology	2	10201255 10201270
Students must possess knowledge of current principles in plant physiology and the physiological systems that govern plant growth and development. This course will explain the principles of plant transport, focusing on the movement of solutes and water. It will also cover the process of photosynthesis, specifically how plants absorb solar energy and fix carbon. Additionally, the course will explore hormone signaling and its effects on plant growth and development. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of the many physical and chemical characteristics of water that contribute to its role as a universal solvent. They will also learn to establish connections between these qualities and the flow of water in soil and plants. Show a comprehensive comprehension of the physiological mechanisms implicated in the uptake of water by plants and its subsequent movement throughout various plant structures. Illustrate the process of transpiration in plants. The topic of discussion is the mechanism, causes, advantages, and downsides of this phenomenon in plants. Describing the physiological changes in plants that are associated with the rate of transpiration. Comprehend the processes by which plants acquire mineral ions and get nutrients from the soil. Comprehend the process of photosynthesis, encompassing both the mechanism of the light reaction and the mechanism of the dark reaction. Examine the several carbon metabolic processes in plants, including C3 plants, C4 plants, and CAM plants, and their correlation with environmental conditions and plant adaptations. Comprehend the impact of external factors on carbon metabolism in plants, such as the effects on alternate routes for carbon fixation, photoinhibition, and photorespiration. Comprehend the concept of plant hormones. Comprehend the interactions between plants and light, which encompass photomorphogenesis, phototropism, and photoperiodism.
10201355	Plant Anatomy and Physiology Lab.	1	10201354 10201255 10201270
The student identifies various physiological processes in plants, such as the concept of water transport from and to plant tissues, which calculates the water content in plant tissues. To identify the phenomenon of water imbibition at different types of plant seeds and the factors affecting it. Studying the process of osmosis, the priciples, the opening, the closure, the factors affecting it, and the rate of osmosis. Study the various factors that affect the permeability of the plant cell membrane. Studying the process of photosynthesis and the factors which affect it. Studying the product of photosynthesis and form which that is stored in different plants. Then identify various types of enzymes in the nuts that it operated and examined its chemical activities.
10201368	Animal Physiology	2	10201265 10201266
This course is a study of functions of the major tissue types and organ systems of multicellular animals, with emphasis on human physiology in health and disease. The use of invertebrate and vertebrate animal models in research, and comparisons of functional adaptations in non-human systems will also be covered.
10201369	Animal Physiology Lab.	1	10201368 10201265 10201266
This course builds on the basic knowledge of physiology gained in the main course. It will provide students with practical experience in the animal body systems, including the muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, urinary, and digestive systems. Students will perform laboratory experiments on living tissue using various tools. Through various exercises, students will learn how to apply the scientific method to study physiology, collect and analyze experimental data, and write a formal laboratory report.
10201374	Ecology	2	10201102 10201108
This course is an introduction to fundamentals of ecology. Principles related to populations, communities and ecosystems. Particular emphasis is placed on the many dimensions of interdependence within ecosystems.
10201375	Ecology Lab.	1	10201374 10201102 10201108
It focuses on the process of collecting, documenting, and assessing ecological data using the most recent approaches and equipment. Laboratory activities will allow students to investigate and apply some of the ecological concepts and methodologies typically employed in this field of study. A balanced presentation of plant, animal, and physical components offers a wide range of assignments, including developing research reports.
10201406	Developmental Biology	2	10206392 10201265 10201266
A detailed survey of the processes of animal development, including fertilization, cleavage and organogenesis. Emphasis is placed on current techniques for studying development, such as recombinant DNA technology.
10201407	Developmental Biology Lab.	1	10201406 10201265 10201266
This course deals with the development and growth of animals. It considers primarily the embryological development of vertebrates with an emphasis on histogenesis and histology.
10201493	Seminar	1
Studies and discussions of modern biological problems carried out by students.
10201496	Research Project	2	10201492 or 10201493
Department directed research in a field of biology.
10206324	Animal Cell Culture	2	10201321 10201341 or 10201342
This course illustrates the use of basic cell culture techniques for bioscience research. Students are introduced to cell cultivation methods, including proper use of a biological safety cabinet, sterile technique, cell enumeration and media preparation, primary cultures, cultivation of cell lines, detection of contamination, cryopreservation, transfection, and an introduction to bioassays and application of molecular techniques to in vitro situations.
10206327	Plant Cell and Tissue Culture	1	10201321 10201342 10201343
This course covers the principles of plant cell, tissue and organ culturing techniques used to regenerate whole plants from different types of explants. Laboratory experience is gained in preparation of culture media supplemented with different plant growth regulators, and their influence on in vitro micro-propagation of different plant species.
10206328	Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Lab.	2	10206327 10201321 10201342 10201343
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the student with the basic methods in plant cell and tissue culturing, and to demonstrate concepts taught in the lecture course.
10206392	Molecular Biology	3	10201232 10201321
This course is a study of gene structure, function and control at the molecular level. Molecular techniques used to analyze nucleic acid and protein activity and diversity are also discussed.
10206393	Techniques in Molecular Biology	2	10206393 or 10206392
This laboratory course aims at applying molecular techniques to investigate a variety of biological questions. Techniques include: viral DNA and RNA isolation, plasmid isolation, DNA and RNA gel electrophoresis, characterizing and manipulating recombinant molecules, quantitation of DNA, preparation of competent cells by CaCl2 and transformation process, electroporation, process of DNA cloning, conventional PCR and RNA isolation and Reverse Transcriptase-PCR technology, and PCR product purification. In addition, solutions, buffers and chemicals preparation and how to use equipments in lab, safety procedures, sterile techniques, disposal of buffers and chemicals, fluid measurements and calibration of the pipettes.
10206413	Protein Purification	2	10201314 10201315 or 10201311 10231212 10231216
This open-ended laboratory based course covers a wide variety of conventional methods for protein isolation, purification and characterization. Different techniques of protein separation will be discussed in an integrated manner arriving at how strategies could be developed for protein isolation and purification.
10206415	Bioinformatics	1	10206392
Bioinformatics is the science of storing, extracting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting biological sequence data. The course is designed to introduce the most basic concepts and up-to-date developments, methods, and tools used in bioinformatics. Topics include bioinformatics databases, resources at NCBI and EMBL, sequence and structure alignment, file formats, analysis of single DNA and protein sequences, BLAST, primer design, function predictions, phylogenetics, and protein structure prediction.
10206416	Bioinformatics Lab	1	10206415
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the students with the basic practical aspects in bioinformatics, and to demonstrate concepts taught in the lecture course. Internet-based laboratory for teaching access to the databases and data mining tools will be considered.
10206446	Practical Training	6
The biotechnology curriculum covers a wide range of applied courses including techniques in molecular biology, recombinant DNA technology, plant and animal tissue culture, protein purification, bioinformatics and biocontrol. Study courses were designed to help students who expressed interest to pursue research for graduate degrees and those who wish to join fields related to pharmaceutical, agricultural, biomedical industries and laboratory and quality control technicians.
10206494	Recombinant DNA Technology	1	10206392 or 10206393
This course presents the fundamental aspects of techniques for DNA re-construction, cloning, and expression in living host cells, with special emphasis on: gene cassette elements, features of DNA cloning and expression vectors, extensive overview of DNA recombination with key tools including the restriction enzymes and ligases and breakthrough technologies.
10206495	Applied Biotechnology	3	10206392 or 10206393
An overview of the possibilities in which biotechnology may play an important role in producing vital compounds with medical applications, such as enzymes, hormones.Human gene therapy will be emphasized.
10206498	Recombinant DNA Technology Lab	2	10206494 10206392 or 10206393
The laboratory practical sessions include cloning of bacterial cloning and expression plasmid vectors in Escherichia coli, plasmid DNA purification and characterization, plasmid vector digestion with restriction enzyme(s) (single cut and multiple cuts), ligation of foreign DNA sequence into a pre-digested plasmid vector, and analyses of recombinant DNA molecules.
10211106	General Mathematics for Biological Sciences	3
This course is designed to introduce biology students to the following topics: elementary functions and their graphs, sequences and discrete time models, limits, continuity and derivatives of functions, applications of differentiation, integration and some of its applications, all within the context of the life sciences.
10216237	Biostatistics for Biological Sciences	2
Data description, frequency and cumulative frequency tables, frequency histogram and polygon, measures of central tendency and measures of variability, percentiles, quartiles and identifying outliers and constructing a box-plot diagram. Continuous random variables and probability density functions and normal distributions. Sampling distributions of the sample mean, central limit theorem. Point and interval estimations for the mean and the proportion of a population. Hypotheses testing about the mean and the proportion of a population.
10221104	General Physics for Medical and Life Sciences Students	3
This course is given to non-physics students, it includes the following topics: Part I: Introduction to physical concepts about: Mechanics, solids and fluids, Heat and temperature, sound and hearing, electricity and magnetism, light and optics. Part II: Physics concepts of some medical instruments: Lasers, x-ray, ultrasound, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Heavy ions therapy
10221114	General Physics Lab. for Medical and Life Sciences Students	1	10221104
This Lab. is given to non-physics students. In this lab., experiments related to topics, mostly covered in Lab for medical and life sciences (10221104), are performed. This includes experiments on. - Joule's constant. - Measurements - Vectors - Acceleration - Viscosity. - Boyle's law - Archimedes principle - Simple Harmonic Motion - Speed of sound. - CRO - Ohm?s law - Capacitance and RC circuit - Refractive index
10231101	General Chemistry 1	3
A compulsory 3-lecture course that is mainly designed to give students a knowledge of the most important chemical principles such as atomic structure and periodic table, mass relationships in chemical reactions, reactions in aqueous solutions, gases, thermo chemistry, quantum theory and the electronic structure of atoms, periodic relationships among the atoms, basic concepts of chemical bonding, molecular geometry and hybridization of atomic orbitals.
10231102	General Chemistry II	3	10231101
A compulsory 3-lecture course that is a continuation of General Chemistry (I). It is designed to introduce some basic chemical facts and theories about solutions, kinetics, dynamic equilibrium, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and nuclear chemistry
10231107	General Chemistry 1 Lab.	1	10231101
A compulsory practical course, designed to introduce the students to various experimental practices used in general chemistry, such as accurate weighing, performing basic chemical methods such as filtration, titration and gravimetric analysis, make simple metathesis and redox reactions, calorimetry experiments and calculations.
10231108	General Chemistry II Lab.	1	10231102 10231107
A compulsory practical course that is a continuation for skills gained in Chemistry 10231107 course. The student is expected to use what he/she learned in new techniques such as the synthesis and analysis of aspirin, molar mass of a solid from freezing point depression phenomena, experimental determination of the reaction rate law. The course involves other topics such as: reaction kinetics, chemical equilibrium, aqueous solutions and pH concept, bleach analysis, thermodynamics and electrochemistry.
10231212	Analytical Chemsitry for Biology and Biotechnology	3	10231114 or 10231102 10231115 or 10231108
A theoretical compulsory course of three lectures per week that includes an introduction to the science of chemical analysis and focuses on methods of quantitative analysis using different standard methods approved by international chemicopoeias, such as titration methods of all kinds. The course also introduces the student to several technologies used in chemical analysis and will provide students with the scientific rules necessary to judge the accuracy and correctness of data and readings resulting from chemical analysis in addition to discussing the correct methods used in the quantitative calculations of the active substance or impurities in chemicals
10231216	Practical Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Biotechnology	1	10231212 10231115 or 10231108
A laboratory compulsory course that includes a set of experiments. It is designed for the practical application of the principles and theories covered in the theoretical analysis course. Where the student performs a number of experiments in which several standard methods are used in the analysis of drugs, and the student in this course will be practically trained on how to judge the accuracy and validity of the readings resulting from practical experiments. Many of the methods of analysis that will be applied in this laboratory are methods approved by international chemicopoeias
10231233	Organic Chemistry for Biology and Biotechnology	3	10231114 or 10231102 10231115 or 10231108
A theoretical compulsory course of three lectures per week aims to increase the student?s awareness of the fundamentals of organic chemistry, and to activate the student?s understanding of the language of pharmaceutical chemists. This course will discuss cyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons. IUPAC naming principles for pharmaceutical organic compounds. Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons, halogen compounds. Steroidal shapes of pharmaceutical organic compounds. This course also covers the basic techniques used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds. In addition, the substitution and elimination reactions used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds, the mechanisms behind these reactions and their relationship in the chemical manufacture of drugs and other pharmaceutical materials will be covered. This information will prepare the student to study the organic chemistry course 2
10231237	Practical Organic Chemistry for Biology and Biotechnology	1	10231233
A laboratory compulsory course that aims to give students a good understanding of the principles of practical organic chemistry and the ability to solve problems based on organic chemistry. The course also provides the ability to investigate experiments, analyze data, and write scientific reports. The course is divided into two parts: The first includes physical tests used to identify effective drugs. In the second part, the course will cover the basic techniques for the synthesis of bioactive compounds, drugs and adjuvants

Speciality Optional Requirements Student must complete 12 credit hours

Course Code	Course Name	Credit Hours	Prerequests
10201223	Microtechnique	2	10201420 10201421
Students, in this course, will learn about the basic principles and techniques for the preparation of microscopic slides of animals, plants, and bacteria. In addition, they will also learn about tissue culture, using microtome, and microscopic photography.
10201224	Microtechnique Lab.	1	10201223 10201420 10201421
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the student with the basic methods in microscopic techniques, and to demonstrate concepts taught in lecture course.
10201312	Biochemistry of Metabolism	3	10201314 10201315 or 10201311
The primary focus of this course is on the pathways of intermediary metabolism by which all cells synthesize and degrade carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogenous compounds. Specifically, we will examine the chemistry of the reactions that constitute these pathways and discuss how energy is derived from the breakdown of nutrients. We will also discuss how metabolic pathways are regulated by effector molecules and by hormones in living systems. Finally, we will consider how several human diseases arise from defects in metabolic pathways.
10201313	Nutrition	3	10201314 10201315 or 10201311
The course includes a brief description of the human digestive system and an introduction to basic concepts of nutrition. A detailed study of the principal components of the food &the basic elements of nutrients,metabolism of nutrients within the human body, fate of nutrients and their interactions It also discusses certain issue as malnutrition & the related health problems, metabolic energy, obesity, alcoholism & others.
10201325	Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates	2	10201265 10201266
Comparative study of the classes of vertebrates are investigated through their anatomy. Laboratory studies of organs and systems ( integumentary system , muscular system , respiratory system , digestive system , circulatory system and urogenital system ) of vertebrate animals to compare their structures such as dogfish, shark, mudpuppy (Necturus), pigeon , fish and rabbit
10201326	Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates Lab.	1	10201325 10201265 10201266
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the student with the basic methods in comparative anatomy, and to demonstrate concepts taught in the lecture course.
10201370	Parasitology	2	10201265 10201266
This course is designed to allow an exploration into the various aspects of parasitology. Emphasis will be placed on the life cycles of major parasitic organisms attacking humans and animals.
10201371	Parasitology Lab.	1	10201370 10201265 10201266
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the student with the basic methods in parasitology, and to demonstrate concepts taught in the lecture course.
10201420	Histology	2	10201321
This course is a study of the basic types of tissues and organs at the microscopic level. Structure and associated functions are emphasized. The laboratory concentrates on the light microscopic study of tissues.
10201421	Histology Lab	1	10201420 10201321
This laboratory course covers the fundamental concepts of histology through studying the different types of tissues under light microscope, as well as the basic procedures for preparing histological samples concentrating on the study of microtome and how it is used to prepare thin tissue sections. Light microscope and electron microscope high quality images are explained to elaborate the study and to give a deep understanding of the four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues. Importantly, this lab course study organ parts and many tissue layers together through microscopic slides leading to a 3D overview of the tissues constituting organs and body systems
10201444	Virology	3	10201342 10201343 or 10201341
This course covers molecular/cell biology of viral structure, function, and evolution, with emphasis on pathological mechanisms of various human disorders.
10201445	Mycology	2	10201342 10201343
The aim of this course is to gain knowledge about as well as practical skills for handling the major fungal nutritional groups including mycorrhizal, saprotrofic and pathogenic fungi. The course comprises the following topics: growth physiology and nutrition, saprotrofic lifestyles, mycorrhizal fungi and biotrophic lifestyles, fungal diversity and phylogenetic species recognition, genetics and population genetics, fungal communities and interactions, and applied mycology including fungal biotechnology.
10201446	Mycology Lab.	1	10201445 10201342 10201343
This course consists of a series of laboratory experiments designed to familiarize the student with the basic methods in mycology, and to demonstrate concepts taught in the lecture course.
10201481	Special Topics	3
Department directed course in a field of biology/biotechnology.
10206346	Fermentation and Industry	3	10201342 10201343 or 10201341
This course focuses on biological (especially microbiological) systems by which materials and energy can be interconverted (e.g., waste products into useful chemicals or fuels, or antibiotic production). Manipulation of microorganisms capable of producing high value industrial substances is also discussed.
10206412	Nanobiology	3	10206392
Nano-biology can be considered the intersection of biology and nanotechnology. Much of Nano-biology involves using the tools and techniques of molecular biology to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids and proteins. This course introduces students to biological molecules and self-assembled biological nanostructures and nanomachines. Biological systems provide a rich range of examples of specialized chemical systems that are structured on the nanoscale. Nanofibres, microtubules, viruses, and ribosomes are examples of systems that can be studied from the perspective of nanoscience.
10206445	Techniques in Immunology	3	10201349 10201350 or 10201347
This course covers a comprehensive range of immunological techniques which include experimental methods to study the immune system and methods to generate or use immunological reagents as experimental tools.
10206447	Omics Technology	3	10206415 10206410 or 10206416 10201314 10201311 or 10201315
The course will cover numerous omics technologies disciplines, including transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics, and genomics. DNA methylation, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) data collection and analysis, haplotyping, single nucleotide polymorphism detection (SNPs), tissue microarray, RNA interference microarray, high-throughput genome sequencing techniques, haplotyping, and DNA microarrays/chips (oligonucleotide) are a few examples of the cutting-edge technologies used in genetic analysis
10206456	Plant Microbe Interaction	3	10201342 10201341 or 10201343 10206392
This course aims to help students understand different forms of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, various molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning these interactions, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), the molecular and biochemical basis of plant defense mechanisms, disease resistance including secondary metabolites and antimicrobial proteins, in addition to new strategies for resistance breeding.
10206457	Molecular Plant Taxonomy	2	10201255 10201270 10206392
Plant taxonomy is the science of classification, especially the classification of plants. Systematics is the science of organism?s diversity. It entails the discovery, description and interpretation of biological diversity. Therefore, plant systematic is the science dealing with the plant diversity. Plant taxonomy training course is a systematic overview of the plant kingdom focusing on the classification and identification of unknown specimens. This course is designed to provide trainers with the basic understanding of the plant vegetative and reproductive terminology used in plant identification of the flowering plants. Introduction of the morphology, distribution and taxonomy of the flowering plants will be included in this course. Therefore, understanding and working knowledge of plant systematic is necessary in this course. This course will introduce working knowledge and common recognition of the most common flowering plant families of Palestine and neighbouring regions. Moreover, this course will develop the ability to identify and verify unknown species using dichotomous keys. At the end of this course the trainers will gain the experience to enable them to make a key to identify the plant and which family is belonging. The most common monocot and dicot families will be introduced. Molecular plant taxonomy is an interdisciplinary study that integrates conventional plant categorization methods with contemporary molecular approaches. The primary goal of this study is to utilize nucleic acids, specifically DNA, and chromosomes to gain insights into the evolutionary connections between different plant species. Through the examination of genetic material, scientists may more precisely categorize plants and get valuable knowledge about their evolutionary mechanisms.
10206458	Molecular Plant Taxonomy Lab.	1	10206457 10201255 10201270 10206392
Gain and understand the working knowledge of plant morphology terminology used in plant identification and to understand the features of flowers, fruits and seeds which are used by plant taxonomists to identify plants. To understand how taxonomists, describe the features of roots, leaves and stems. To gain the experience of plant specimens? collection, preserving and deposition in the herbarium and to understand the importance of herbarium. Common recognition of the common plant families of Palestine and neighbouring regions. To be able to use the dichotomous keys to identify and verify the unknown species. To be able to construct a key to identify the plant and to which family is belonging. using nucleic acids extraction kit and manual method. To be able to extract DNA or RNA from plants and how to use gene bank data to identify plant taxa based on molecular data sequences. To be able to use molecular techniques to identify plant species and construct phylogenetic relationship among different plant taxonomy.
10206461	Animal Biotechnology	3	10206392
The course focuses on generating transgenic animal with modified traits, and corresponding microscopy and micromanipulation techniques in the field. The course also covers injection of nucleic acids into the pronucleus and cytoplasm of fertilized animal oocytes, embryonic stem cell transfer into blastocysts, piezo-assisted stem cell transfer into 8-cell stage embryos and microscopy training. The course will also focus on gene bank creation and maintenance.
10206493	Molecular Genetics Diagnosis	3	10206392
The course treats methods to study the human genome and changes therein, but also deals with post-genomic methods for studies of molecular interactions. Example of methods that can be treated are: genotyping at monogenetic and complex diseases, identification and isolation and functional analysis of genes, advanced PCR techniques, detection of mutations, DNA/RNA/protein-based diagnostics, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). DNA techniques within diagnostics and forensic medicine
10206499	Biotechnology in Biological Control	3	10206393
This course covers recombinant DNA technology for engineering various organisms to be used for controlling plant and animal pest populations.
11011222	Entrepreneurship and Innovation	3
Explores the world of entrepreneurship and creativity by examining the processes and techniques used to develop ideas and turn them into successful projects. The course includes understanding the foundations of entrepreneurship and the stages of emerging business development, in addition to analyzing the factors that affect the success of entrepreneurial projects and enhancing creativity in various fields.