Speciality Requirements Student must complete 18 credit hours

Course Code	Course Name	Credit Hours	Prerequests
424519	Microbial Biotechnology	3
This course provides an overview of and microbial physiology, how microbes (bacteria, yeast, fungi, viruses) are manipulated to solve practical problems through biotechnology, including employing recombinant nucleic acid, microbial metabolic pathway engineering, metabolomics, protein engineering and recombinant antibodies. Genetic and pathway engineering strategies for developing new microbes to screen for and produce new therapeutic compounds or overproduce: primary metabolites, antibiotics, biotherapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes, biopesticides, medical diagnostics, recombinant vaccines, biopolymers. Utilization of biofilms, bioremediation, methods to immobilize biocatalysts, and microbial kinetics are also covered.
424520	Molecular Cell Biology	3
This course describes the elements that determine the constitution and organization of the cell, the mechanisms of intercellular communication, cell division and the molecular features that govern the transmission and expression of genetic material. We will also insist on the importance of the extracellular environment and its molecular cues in the regulation of the cell behavior through altering the internal cytoskeletal components of the cell and its downstream molecular signaling. Recent advances concerning the molecular aspects of cell viability and types of cell death are also covered.
424521	Environmental Biotechnology	3
This course will introduce concepts and applications of biotechnology in all aspects of environmental protection, restoration and sustainability. This includes harnessing microbial potential in environmental applications such as Biocontrol; Bioremediation and bioenergy, besides the biotechnology opportunities in pollution abatement to mitigation of climate change and Environmental monitoring.
424522	Data Analysis and Experimental Design	3
Experimental design. Introduction to Analysis of variance: single factor, nested design, factorial design. Factor effects, assumptions. Multifactor analysis of variance: nested design, factorial designs. Design to analyze environmental impacts. Introduction to correlation and regression. Introduction to multivariate analyses: multivariate data, multivariate distance and dissimilarity measures. Introduction to cluster and ordination methods. Statistical test on multivariate data. Relationship between biotic and environmental data
424523	Advanced Biochemistry	3
This course will cover the concepts and principles of biochemistry, such as the structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids), enzyme kinetics, and metabolic pathways. This course will also discuss the current trends in biochemistry research and techniques through a seminar style using journal reviews and research papers.
424524	Advanced Molecular Genetics	3
The course is an introduction to molecular biology and genetics and methods used within these fields. The subject content is the following. The structure of the genome: chromosomes, chromosomal structure, and extrachromosomal inheritance. The molecular basis of transmission of genetic information: nucleic acids and proteins. DNA replication, DNA repair, mutations, recombination, transposition, transcription, and translation. Examples of gene regulation. Inheritance of genetic information: meiosis, sexual reproduction and classical genetics and transfer of DNA between bacteria. Gene technology: restriction mapping, genetic libraries, cloning, gene expressions to overproduce proteins of interest, DNA/RNA-sequencing, PCR. The possibilities, limitations and ethics of gene technology are discussed.
424588	Comprehensive Exam	0
424591	Seminar	0
This course consists of a review of current literature of immediate interest in the form of student seminars.

Speciality Optional Requirements Student must complete 18 credit hours

Course Code	Course Name	Credit Hours	Prerequests
424517	Research Methodology	3
The course consists of laboratory assignment, the student will be exposed to methods, equipment, and experimental procedures currently in use in the department.
424551	Antibiotics	3
This course consists of a detailed study of modes of action for selected groups of antimicrobial agents, genetic and biochemical mechanism of microbial resistance, antimicrobial combinations and measuring antimicrobial activity.
424552	Virology	3
Topics covered in this course include molecular biology of viruses, the interaction of viruses and host cell, viral replication, viral pathogenesis, viral genetics and vaccines.
424553	Diagnostic Microbiology	3
This course covers the recent advances in bacterial pathogenesis, the application of molecular methods to microbial identification and outbreak associated strain typing.
424554	Parasitology	3
This course consists of a detailed study of the morphology, physiology, life histories of parasites, methods of collection and culture of parasites, interaction of parasites and host cells and molecular techniques for diagnosis.
424555	Immunology	3
This course consists of a discussion of the structural, cellular and genetic basis of the immune system.
424556	Molecular Biology	3
This course consists of a discussion of the major advances have been made in this field during the last few years. Much of concern will be given to various novel techniques which have been applied to microorganisms.
424557	Mycology	3
This course is designed to enable students to acquire both knowledge as well as practical skills for handling the major fungal nutritional groups including mycorrhizal, saprotrofic and pathogenic fungi.
424559	Advanced Animal Physiology	3
General and comparative physiology with emphasis on nervous system, muscular system, circulatory system, temperature regulation, ion and water balance and hormones.
424581	Special Topics	3
This course consists of an in-depth study of current and emerging issues.