Speciality Requirements Student must complete 36 credit hours

Course Code	Course Name	Credit Hours	Prerequests
424811	Molecular Diagnostic Techniques	3
This course provides an overview of the advanced clinical molecular diagnostics, the use of molecular techniques to diagnose disease, quality assurance in the molecular lab and DNA based tissue typing.
424812	Topics in Molecular Genetics	3
Recent advances in selected areas of molecular genetics will be presented.
424813	Genomics and Proteomics	3
This course focus on how animal models of human diseases can be analyzed using genomic and proteomic technologies. The course also focuses on `translate? basic scientific discoveries directly into useful clinical tools and information for physicians, genetic counselors, clinical researchers and ultimately, patients. The course will cover high throughput SNP discovery and genotyping, biomarker discovery for disease prediction and prognosis, tissue microarray, RNA1 microarray and drug discovery (pharmacogenomics).
424814	Research Club in Biotechnology I	1
Research oriented seminars in the current methods and recent advances in biological, medical, agricultural and engineering aspects of biotechnology which will be described and discussed. Invited guests are part of the course.
424815	Research Club in Biotechnology II	1
Research oriented seminars in the current methods and recent advances in biological, medical, agricultural and engineering aspects of biotechnology which will be described and discussed. Invited guests are part of the course.
424816	Research Club in Biotechnology III	1
Research oriented seminars in the current methods and recent advances in biological, medical, agricultural and engineering aspects of biotechnology which will be described and discussed. Invited guests are part of the course.
424817	Topics in Molecular Cell Biology	3
Recent advances in selected areas of molecular cell biology will be presented
424818	Topics in Biochemistry	3
Recent advances in selected areas of biochemistry will be presented
424898	Qualifying Exam	0
424899	Thesis	18
Supervised thesis

Speciality Optional Requirements Student must complete 12 credit hours

Course Code	Course Name	Credit Hours	Prerequests
424850	Applied Microbiology	3
The course deals with microbial technology and applications of microorganisms in different products and processes. The course will also study certain microorganisms used in industry and focuses on technologies to genetically modifying it. The course will also cover microbial biotechnology related to utilization of microorganisms in the production of secondary microbial products. Topics include identification of microorganisms, microbial physiology, food and dairy microbiology, microbial metabolites, biofuels, environmental microbiology, and fermentation technology.
424851	Stem Cells and Oncology	3
This course covers fundamental topics in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, as well as key aspects of cancer stem cells and their role in cancer tumours development and relapses. Cell differentiation/dedifferentiation mechanisms, reprogramming, induction of pluripotent cells, epigenetic modification, the presence of a niche, and the signalling pathways directing these processes will all be discussed. Medical applications, particularly stem cell therapy, will be examined, as well as the implications of the cancer stem cell concept for cancer treatment.
424852	Cytogenetics	3
This course is designed to develop a basic understanding of cytogenetics. The course covers chromosomal abnormalities and the etiology of how chromosomal aberrations contribute to congenital disease and cancer. The course will provide in-depth content and focus on cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic diagnostic techniques. An overview of basic human genetics is provided in Mendelian genetics, cytogenetics, population genetics, molecular cytogenetics, oncocytogenetics and clinical applications of principles.
424853	Reproductive and Developmental Biology	3
This course covers principles and techniques in reproduction including: endocrinology; gametogenesis; fertilization; implantation; embryogenesis; stem cell determination; pregnancy; and parturition, state-of-the-art concepts in stem cells, assisted reproductive biology, cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, isolation and characterization of stem cells, use of stem cells for regenerative medicine. The course addresses the importance of including sex and gender perspectives within biomedical research. Discussion of current research in developmental and reproductive biology.
424854	Anatomy and Physiology	3
This course will discuss anatomy at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels, cell-to-cell communication and molecular functions influence tissue development, function, and regeneration. Anatomical and physiological integration of the organ systems to maintain homeostasis as well as some aspects of disease states. Emphasizes the study of the function of cells, tissue level of organization; the nervous, muscular, cardiovascular, urinary, digestive and endocrine systems, immune, reproductive, integumentary and their homeostatic mechanisms and system interaction.
424855	Bioforensic Evidences	3
Students will study overview of forensics from incident scene to court room verdict; principles, concepts, tools and methodologies used in the science and practice of forensics; examination of various forensic fields; evidence recognition, analysis, interpretation and presentation to diverse audiences. This course of biological forensics is an important discipline in the field of law that is based on the use or application of biology in criminal investigations and the administration of justice. Forensic biology includes many sub-disciplines and their uses in this field. For example, it includes the basics of serology and DNA analysis, identification from human remains, fingerprint and dose analysis, as well as other possible forensic evidences.
424856	Molecular Immunology	3
This course considers the immune responses at the molecular level and covers the role of immune-receptors on immune cells in the initiation of immune responses, role of cytokines, cell signaling pathways and various steps involved in the generation of immune responses at the cellular level. The course will cover aspects of: development and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes, antigen processing and presentation and lymphocyte activation and immune regulation. In addition to that, topics for further study will be selected from: immunotherapy, autoimmunity, organs and tissues transplantation, immunodeficiency, mucosal immunity, lymphoproliferative diseases, cytokines, tumour immunology and viral immunology.
424857	Molecular Plant Taxonomy	3
Molecular Plant taxonomy is a course via which students study disciplines facing new challenges with the current availability of a vast array of molecular approaches which allow reliable genealogy-based classifications. Molecular Plant Taxonomy: Methods and Protocols describes laboratory protocols based on the use of nucleic acids and chromosomes for plant taxonomy, as well as guidelines for phylogenetic analysis of molecular data. Then students will be able to construct phylogenetic relationship among different plant taxa.
424858	Medicinal Plants	3
This course provides students with preliminary information about medicinal plants, their types, methods of collecting, preserving and using them, and the most famous active ingredients. It also includes the scientific name of the plant and the medicines made from it. This course aims to provide students with basic information about the medicinal treatment of plants and its role in medicine and pharmacology. Students are expected to learn about the most important natural supplements that are used in Palestine (the local market) and in the world to treat or prevent various diseases.
424859	Nanotechnology	3
Nanotechnology involves the development and application of materials and devices to study biological processes and to treat disease at the level of single molecules and atoms. This course will cover the synthesis and characterization of multifunctional nanoparticles, nanomaterial applications in imaging (optical and magnetic resonance imaging) and use of nanomaterials as a basis for novel therapeutics (drug delivery, genetic therapies and tissue engineering).
424860	Human Genetic Disorders	3
This course introduces students to the clinical aspect of a broad range of human genetic disorders, focusing on phenotypic characteristics, current confirmatory diagnostic techniques for each disorder, and approaches to interventions in terms of either prevention of occurrence, reduced morbidity, or achieving improved coping with disease. The course is designed to develop a student?s ability to construct pedigrees and to interpret modes of inheritance.
424861	Plant Genetic Manipulation	3
This advanced course is focusing on applications of modern genetics and biotechnology tools in manipulating plants and creating GM crops. The lectures will describe applications of genome editing technologies, genetic engineering, and genetic improvement of plants with novel traits of herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, and disease resistance, in addition to applications of molecular strategies for stress tolerance, crop yield and quality, and molecular farming.
424862	Animal Biotechnology	3
This course will focus on the new concepts and applications of animal biotechnology in agriculture, biomedicine, and environmental sectors. Lecture series will discuss the transgenic techniques for producing preferred transgenic animals carried interested genes for advanced researches in animal models and science. In addition, ethical and safety aspects will be discussed.